Glucophage 1000mg Tablet 1 Strip

✔️ How does Glucophage 1000 work?

Metformin belongs to the biguanide class of oral antihyperglycemic agents, which help regulate blood glucose without causing hypoglycemia. It works by:

✔ Reducing liver glucose production
✔ Lowering glucose absorption in the intestines
✔ Enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in peripheral tissues

✔️ Dosage & Administration of Glucophage 1000

Metformin dosage should be tailored to individual tolerance and effectiveness without exceeding the recommended daily maximum.

✅ Immediate-Release Tablets:

• Adults: Start with 500 mg twice daily or 850 mg once daily with meals. Dosage can be increased in 500 mg weekly increments or 850 mg every two weeks up to a maximum of 2550 mg per day (divided doses).
• Children (10+ years): Start with 500 mg twice daily with meals, increasing weekly by 500 mg up to 2000 mg per day (divided doses).

✅ Extended-Release Tablets:

• Adults: Start with 500 mg once daily with the evening meal. Dosage can be increased weekly by 500 mg up to a maximum of 2000 mg once daily or 1000 mg twice daily.
• Children: Not studied for extended-release tablets.
• Renal Impairment: Not recommended for patients with eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m². Caution is advised if eGFR falls below 45 mL/min/1.73 m².

👴 Elderly: Metformin dosage should be adjusted based on kidney function, which declines with age. Regular kidney function assessments are advised.
👶 Children (10-12 years): Caution is advised due to limited data.
💧 Renal Function:

• Normal kidneys: Monitor at least once a year.
• Borderline function (elderly, lower normal GFR): Monitor 2-4 times yearly.
• eGFR <30 mL/min: Glucophage 1000 is contraindicated.

Swallow extended-release tablets whole; do not crush, cut, or chew.

✔️ Drug Interactions:

• Furosemide: No chronic interaction data is available.
• Nifedipine: May enhance Glucophage 1000 absorption.
• Cationic Drugs (e.g., Digoxin, Vancomycin, Quinidine): May compete for renal clearance, potentially affecting Glucophage 1000 levels.
• Drugs that cause hyperglycemia (e.g., corticosteroids, diuretics, estrogens, phenytoin, thyroid hormones, calcium channel blockers): May reduce Glucophage 1000’s effectiveness.

✔️ Side Effects of Glucophage 1000

🩸 Blood Disorders: Rare cases of hemolytic anemia.
💊 Metabolism Issues: Rare cases of lactic acidosis and vitamin B12 deficiency (potential cause of peripheral neuropathy).
🤢 Gastrointestinal Issues: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and appetite loss (mostly at treatment initiation). Taking Glucophage 1000 with food and slowly increasing the dose can improve tolerance.
🧠 Nervous System: Commonly causes taste disturbances.
⚠️ Liver Disorders: Rare instances of liver function abnormalities or hepatitis, reversible upon discontinuation.
🩹 Skin Reactions: Rare cases of rash, itching, and hives.

✔️ Glucophage 1000 should not be used in patients with:

❌ Hypersensitivity to metformin or any excipients
❌ Acute metabolic acidosis (e.g., lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis)
❌ Severe renal impairment (GFR <30 mL/min)
❌ Conditions causing tissue hypoxia (e.g., heart or respiratory failure, shock, recent heart attack)
❌ Severe liver disease, acute alcohol intoxication, or chronic alcoholism

✔️ Use During Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

🤰 Pregnancy: Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of birth defects and perinatal mortality. Insulin is preferred over Glucophage 1000 during pregnancy.
🤱 Breastfeeding: Metformin is excreted in breast milk. Though no adverse effects have been observed in breastfed infants, use during lactation is not recommended unless the benefits outweigh the risks.

✔️ Overdose Effects:

• Hypoglycemia is unlikely, even at doses up to 85 grams.
• Lactic acidosis is the primary risk and requires immediate hospitalization.
• Hemodialysis is the most effective way to remove excess lactate and Glucophage 1000 from the system.

✔️ Precautions & Warnings:

• Renal function monitoring is essential, as impaired kidney function increases the risk of metformin accumulation and lactic acidosis.
• Vitamin B12 levels should be checked regularly, as long-term use may lead to deficiency.
• Glucophage 1000 should be discontinued 2-3 days before surgery or certain diagnostic procedures (e.g., intravenous contrast imaging) and restarted only after kidney function is reassessed.
• Avoid dehydration and severe infections, as they may increase the risk of lactic acidosis.

✔️ Storage Conditions:

• Store below 30°C, away from light and moisture.
• Keep out of reach of children.